遥感与地理信息系统在三峡库区城镇迁建选址中的应用研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

唐先明 《气候与环境研究》1999,4(4):396-405

根据山地城镇建设的发展现状,运用遥感和地理信息系统技术工具,在获取、分析三峡库区综合环境指标的基础上,以巫山县为例,建立了巫山县空间环境数据库,并提出了巫山县县城修建性选址模型。此模型的建立可以为其他三峡库区城市迁建综合环境研究提供合理的方案和措施。    相似文献   

东亚夏季气候主要模态的年际变化及其机理   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡增臻 《海洋学报》1999,21(6):26-39

主要研究了东亚(中国和日本)夏季气候(降水和气温)主要模态的年际变化及其机理。研究发现,中国区域夏季降水和气温的大尺度年际变化间有很强的耦合:大范围多(少)雨对应大范围低(高)温。奇异值分解的第一个模态的长期变化主要反映了长江中下游地区降水逐年增加(变湿)的趋势而气温逐年降低(变冷)的趋势。在70年代中期以后,长江中下游地区降水和气温耦合变化的准两年分量明显增强。研究表明,影响长江中下游地区夏季降水和气温年际变化的大尺度环流背景异常十分相似,即主要是两个遥相关型:太平洋-日本(PJ)型和欧亚型遥相关型。与夏季东亚梅雨异常相联系的长江中下游地区降水和气温异常是中高纬度干冷空气和低纬度暖湿空气相互作用的结果。热带西太平洋海表温度异常和相关的对流活动的年际变化通过PJ型对东亚地区夏季降水和气温的年际变化产生十分显着的影响。西太平洋对流活动与北半球大气环流遥相关的相互作用有明显的季节性。PJ型不仅是夏季西太平洋对流活动与北半球夏季热带外地区500hPa高度场年际变化耦合相互作用的最重要模态,而且也是两者各自变化的一个十分重要的模态。1984年夏季北半球500hPa位势高度主振荡型分析表明存在着能量从热带西太平洋向东亚北部的PJ型的振荡传播。低纬度的影响可传播到70°N,同时也存在能量从高纬度向低纬度的传播.即从极地传播到70°N。高纬度和低纬度的影响在70°N附近汇合。  相似文献   

危岩体在地震作用过程中的失稳模式及稳定性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

彭宁波  孙博  王逢睿  夏江涛 《地震工程学报》2016,38(6):916-921

地震作用过程中地震加速度通常呈先增大后减小的特征。利用拟静力法对危岩的稳定性进行分析时,考虑地震过程中地震加速度的变化,对山西太原天龙山危岩体加固工程中的同一危岩体分别以滑塌式和倾倒式破坏模式进行计算,发现地震作用过程中危岩体可能在两种破坏失稳模式之间相互转化。将此问题扩展至一般情况进行计算并讨论,得出如下结论:地震力对危岩体破坏作用的贡献大小不同,通常情况下,地震作用力对危岩的倾覆力矩贡献相对较大;进行稳定性评价时应考虑地震作用过程,以安全系数最先达到1.0的破坏模式作为危岩体的可能破坏模式进行计算;对危岩体进行抗震加固设计时应对加固设计进行多种工况下的校核,保证其在地震作用过程中不同危险状态的稳定性。  相似文献   

基于二维经验模态分解的河北省及邻区流动重力场时空动态变化分析     

侯晓真  马栋  屈曼  刘洪良  张展伟  高晨  陈建国 《中国地震》2023,39(2):356-366

搜集河北省及邻区2010—2019年20期的流动重力观测数据和绝对重力观测数据,利用二维经验模态分解方法获取河北省及邻区范围内(110°E～120°E,36°N～42°N)不同尺度、不同场源深度下的分解结果,并结合该时间段内M≥4.0震例进行回溯性检验。结果表明,当半年时间尺度与一年时间尺度下的1阶、2阶固有模态函数结果出现正-负重力高值差异或四象限异常变化时,在异常变化中心200km范围内存在2年内发生M4.0以上中强地震的可能。该结论可为河北省及邻区后续震情分析和研判提供参考。  相似文献   

Multi-temporal relations between runoff and sediment load based on variable structure cointegration theory     

《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(2):216-227

Microscopic and macroscopic multi-temporal correlations between runoff and sediment load were analyzed to reveal the relations between them in the source region of the Yellow River using the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise method (CEEMDAN) and cointegration theory. Subsequently, multi-temporal models of runoff and sediment load with structural breaks were developed. The results revealed the following points. (1) The runoff and sediment load relations differed at multi-time scales. Multi-temporal cointegration could reveal the relation between runoff and sediment load at micro scales. (2) A comparison of the original model, composite model 1, and composite model 2 revealed that the multi-temporal cointegration model is better than the original model. (3) The variable structure cointegration model of the runoff and sediment load relation had the highest simulation accuracy, and the smallest average relative error for the simulated runoff was 7.82%. Composite model 2 could more accurately reflect the long-term equilibrium and short-term fluctuating relations between the runoff and sediment load in the source region of the Yellow River.  相似文献   

两种池塘养殖模式下异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养成品质及脏器相关生理特征的差异     

李有志  戎华南  陈雨  申屠基康  王志铮 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(4):1217-1226

水产养殖动物的生存策略往往会因养殖模式的变更而发生改变,并导致其养成品体色、肌肉品质和脏器生理特征等均出现一定程度的差异。以池塘生态主养模式(M₁)和池塘生态套养模式(M₂)下养殖7个月的异育银鲫夏花苗种为研究对象,以体表色差、背肌物性、全鱼营养成分和排氨率、耗氧率、窒息点以及脏器消化酶和抗氧化酶活力为测定指标,较系统开展了两者间养成品质及脏器相关生理特征的差异研究。结果表明:(1)两者间在体表色差上具较好的区分度,其中M₂实验个体的体色更接近于池底背景色,具更好的拟境隐蔽性;(2)在所测7项背肌物性指标中,两者间具有显著差异的为硬度、弹性、胶黏性和耐咀性,且均呈M₁>M₂ (P<0.05);(3)全鱼一般营养成分中,除灰分和粗蛋白含量均呈M₁≈M₂ (P>0.05)外,水分和粗脂肪含量分别呈M₁>M₂ (P<0.05)和M₂>M  相似文献   

海洋环境治理的政策选择   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王琪  何广顺 《海洋通报》2004,23(3):73-80

海洋经济的发展必然给海洋环境带来冲击,解决海洋环境问题需要政府、企业和公众三方的共同努力。本文在对海洋环境政策进行结构分析的基础上,从政府与企业关系的角度,对海洋环境治理的政策选择模式进行了具体分析。  相似文献   

Explanation of locking of four‐node plane element by considering it as elastic Dirichlet‐type boundary value problem     

F. Molenkamp  J. B. Sellmeijer  C. B. Sharma  E. B. Lewis 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2000,24(13):1013-1048

The aim of this study is to arrive at a better understanding of the phenomenon of locking of low‐order compatible displacement type of finite elements in particular for the hour‐glass mode of the plane four‐node element and dilative materials. To this end the properties of finite elements are investigated in an analytical way, where a finite element is considered as a plane boundary value problem with prescribed boundary displacement (Dirichlet problem). In this paper for the sake of simplicity the simplest possible linear comparison solid, namely isotropic linear elasticity, is applied, although recognizing fully that for a dilative material elasto‐plasticity would be more realistic. From the study described in this paper it is concluded that locking of the four‐node element is not due to any particular numerical formulation of this compatible finite element since, even the analytical solution suffers from this problem. The locking of this element is not related to incompressibility of the material either as the analytical solution shows locking to occur at a parameter set which differs significantly from the one in case of incompressibility. It is shown that locking is a consequence of the combination of the dilative material behaviour and the compatible displacement type of boundary conditions, which leads to infinite isotropic stresses in the element. These infinite isotropic stresses occur at the limit of uniqueness of the solution, which for this element is shown to occur outside the parameter range of the sufficiency of uniqueness. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modified sliding‐mode bang–bang control for seismically excited linear structures     

Guo‐ping Cai  Jin‐zhi Huang  Feng Sun  Chao Wang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2000,29(11):1647-1657

Recently, sliding‐mode control (SMC) methods have been investigated for application to seismically excited civil engineering structures and have proved to be effective control strategic methods. On the other hand, although another class of well‐known optimal control laws, the so‐called ‘bang–bang’ control, has been investigated for several decades, their potential in civil engineering structural control has not been fully exploited. The purpose of this paper is to present a new control law for civil engineering structures, which is the sliding‐mode bang–bang control (SMBBC). The SMBBC method is a combination of the SMC and the bang–bang control. In consideration of actuators not suitable for high‐speed switching of control forces in the SMBBC in practice, modified sliding‐mode bang–bang control (MSMBBC) law is proposed and demonstrated to be able to provide the same control effects as the SMBBC case. Condition modified sliding‐mode bang–bang control (CMSMBBC) law is also investigated in this paper. In the CMSMBBC case, actuators act only when response quantities exceed some designated threshold values. The determination method of maximum control‐forces for actuators is investigated through example computation. The performance and robustness of the proposed control methods are all demonstrated by numerical simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented methods are viable and an attractive control strategy for application to seismically excited linear structures. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

琼东南盆地天然气水合物及其成藏模式的海洋可控源电磁研究          下载免费PDF全文

景建恩  赵庆献  邓明  罗贤虎  陈凯  王猛  涂广红 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4677-4689

南海琼东南盆地是天然气水合物重要远景区之一.由于盆地大部分地区海底地形平缓、地层近于水平,增加了利用地震反射剖面识别似海底反射（BSR,bottom simulating reflector）的难度,从而影响了对水合物的评价.为了进一步开展琼东南盆地水合物调查研究,本文在研究海域进行了海洋可控源电磁探测试验,将自主研发的10台接收机以500 m的间距,投放至水深约为1360 m的海底,完成了一条4.5 km剖面的电磁数据采集.通过对采集的数据进行处理与二维（2D）反演,获得了研究剖面海底的电阻率断面图.反演结果显示,研究区海底60~330 mbsf（meter bottom of seafloor）的地层中,存在多个横向不连续分布的高阻异常体,电阻率介于2~10 Ωm之间;在海底330 mbsf之下,横向上发育了电阻率为2~4 Ωm的3个高阻体.根据研究区热力学条件,本文估算了生物成因气与热成因天然气的水合物稳定带（GHSZ,gas hydrate stability zone）厚度,结合高阻体的分布特征推断了地震剖面上BSR的位置.在此基础上,对反演的电阻率断面进行解释,推断了研究区水合物的分布及游离气运移通道.研究表明,勘探区具有形成天然气水合物矿藏的地质与地球物理条件,其成藏模式可能属于"断层、裂隙输导的下生上储型",水合物的气源为生物成因气.  相似文献